Foundations of Instructional Design
Constructivism
Gagné’s Theories of Instructions
The Flipped Classroom Movement
Mobile Learning
Gagne's Theories of Instruction [1965]
Gagné’s theories of instructions have two foundations: cognitive information processing theory and Gagné’s own observations. It has three learning domains cognitive, affective, and psychomotor and five types of learners: verbal, cognitive, attitudinal, intellectual and motor skills. And, three areas of interest: learning outcomes, learning hierarchies and conditions of learning which are the basis for his nine theories for instructional design.
Constructivism
[1990's]
Constructivism is a process of learning developed in the 1990’s where the students work in groups and take responsibility for their own learning. They work on complex, authentic problems that get them ready for what they will experience in real-world settings. The teacher takes on a passive role, guiding to facilitate learning. Teachers must also give feedback and allow for reflection.
There are four current methods in which constructivism is being taught:
· Problem-based learning
· Case-and scenario-based learning
· Cognitive apprenticeship and
· Interactive learning environments
The Flipped Classroom Movement
[2007]
In 2007, the flipped classroom movement began , teachers posting lessons ahead of time online and using class time for projects.
Mobile Learning
[2014]
In 2014, mobile learning as an educational platform came to be.